ChatGPT: More than a Weapon of Mass Deception, Ethical challenges and responses from the Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HCAI) perspective

Deception is the primary ethical concern: The paper identifies ChatGPT's greatest risk as its potential to function as a "weapon of mass deception," capable of generating convincing false information at scale and enabling criminal activities involving deceit—a threat that extends beyond typical AI harms.

Human-centered design is essential for responsible deployment: The authors argue that AI systems like ChatGPT should be evaluated through a Human-Centered AI (HCAI) framework that prioritizes human agency, wellbeing, and flourishing rather than treating technology as autonomous—emphasizing that humans must remain central to ensuring proper use.

Multiple safeguards are needed, not just technical fixes: The paper recommends combining technical solutions (watermarking, AI detectors, fact-checkers) with non-technical measures (clear terms of use, transparency requirements, educator training, and human-in-the-loop oversight) to prevent misuse, suggesting no single solution is sufficient.

Appropriate use cases exist alongside risks: Rather than rejecting ChatGPT entirely, the authors identify beneficial applications including creative writing, educational support, and non-creative writing tasks—indicating that responsible AI governance means enabling beneficial uses while mitigating harms.

Humans bear ultimate responsibility for AI outcomes: The paper concludes that ensuring ChatGPT serves individual and social wellbeing ultimately depends on human choices about implementation and oversight, not on the technology itself.